Tram 17 will take you to the Anne Frank museum, but you need to take tram 1 to visit the Rijksmuseum and the Van Gogh.
Tram 1
Take tram 17 (direction Central Station) to station Lelylaan, stop 3. On the same platform you can transfer to tram 1.
Stop 6 will be the Leidse Square and from there it is a 5 minute walk to the Museum Square.
Tram 1 also goes to Damsquare, this is stop 11.